The remainder of the paper is organized as follows ( Figure 1): In Section 2, an introduction to origami background and terminology is provided. 3) Identify future trends and potential cross-disciplinary innovations. 2) discuss the challenges and limitations of current design processes and computational tools. The objectives of the study are as follows: 1) provide a comprehensive review of the latest applications in major origami-based engineering fields. Design methods and tools are also discussed, and manufacturing considerations are given. The present article aims to shorten this gap by reviewing recent origami-based applications focusing on design outcomes from 2015 to 2020.
Limitations are mainly determined by concerning aspects such as the absence of sound design methods and tools, and by fabrication-related issues such as thickness accommodation, folding motion, actuation and durability of systems.
Although the potentials of origami-based designs have been extensively investigated, it is still difficult to see their application in existing functioning technologies. Nevertheless, few studies attempted to comprehensively cover design implementation and performance, design methods, and tools. Several topical review articles on origami-based designs have been published, covering important aspects as actuation, thickness accommodation, and fabrication. Many names have been used to describe origami applications in engineering, while the term origami-based will be used in this article in accordance with previous studies. Latest research advancements enhanced cross-disciplinary applications, resulting in a wide range of origami-based designs in different engineering fields. Originally practiced with uncut square sheets of paper, origami are now implemented from the nano to the meter scale in a wide range of applications. Despite its ancient tradition, more practical applications emerged only within the past 50 years.
Its initial purpose belonged to religious and recreational activities, strongly influenced by the scarce availability of paper at that time. Origami is traditionally the art of folding uncut sheets of paper, usually squares, into abstract or realistic subjects. The present article does not attempt to give a deep understanding of the history of origami, for which the readings of the works by origami experts as Hatori, Lister, Smith, and Oppenheimer are suggested. Thus, the idea of origami commonly accepted today could have been developed as a consequence of such a cultural exchange. Latest findings suggest that European and Japanese origami arose and evolved independently until the modernization of Japan fostered by the Meiji Restoration. Some scholars associate the origin of paper folding to the discovery of paper, some are convinced of its Chinese origin, while others documented its Japanese and European tradition. Despite its popularity, it might be surprising to know that the use of the word origami to describe paper folding made its appearance in Japan only in the late Showa Era (1926–1989). It finds its roots in the composition of the Japanese words oru, which means “fold,” and kami, which means “paper.” In the course of its long tradition, it has been known by a variety of names including orisue and orikata. The term origami refers to the commonly known ancient art of paper folding. Finally, the article concludes with open questions and future challenges. Second, design methods, design tools, and related manufacturing constraints are discussed. Origami-based applications in engineering are reviewed largely in the following fields: biomedical engineering, architecture, robotics, space structures, biomimetic engineering, fold-cores, and metamaterials. First, an introduction to origami history, mathematical background and terminology is given. This article aims to review recent origami-based applications in engineering, design methods and tools, with a focus on research outcomes from 2015 to 2020.
It is thus not surprising to notice that the study of their applications has become of cross-disciplinary interest. Despite being implemented at dimensions that range from the nano to the meter scale, origami-based designs are always defined by the laws that govern their geometrical properties at any scale. Origami-based designs refer to the application of the ancient art of origami to solve engineering problems of different nature.
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